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1989-06-20
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NewSpace
User's Guide
Shareware Version
ISOGON CORPORATION
Copyright (C) 1988 Isogon Corporation.
Licensed Materials. All Rights Reserved. LICENSE AGREEMENT
CAREFULLY READ THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT PRIOR
TO THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE PRODUCT. USE OF THE PRODUCT INDI-
CATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
This software product and its documentation are protected by both
United States Copyright Law and international treaty provisions.
You are authorized to use this software for evaluation purposes
only. If you want to use it on a permanent basis, you must
register with Isogon Corporation, and pay a license fee.
You are authorized to make copies of the software product, and
give these copies to others, as long as the complete software
product is copied, and as long as you do not charge a fee for the
copies.
You may not disassemble, decompile, or otherwise reverse engineer
this software product.
WARRANTY
Isogon Corporation supplies this product without any kind of
warranty or support, for your use to evaluate its usefulness in
your environment.
ISOGON CORPORATION SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO DEFECTS IN THE DISKETTE, DOCUMENTATION,
AND THE PROGRAM PRODUCT IN PARTICULAR, AND WITHOUT LIMITING
OPERATION OF THE PROGRAM LICENSE WITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR
APPLICATION, USE, OR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISOGON BE LIABLE
FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGE, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER
DAMAGES.
GOVERNING LAW
This statement shall be construed, interpreted, and governed by
the laws of the state of New York.
NewSpace User Manual Page ii SHAREWARE INFORMATION
This version of NewSpace is provided so that you may evaluate its
usefulness in your own environment. It is NOT provided for your
ongoing use. If you decide that you want to use NewSpace on a
regular basis, you must register with Isogon Corporation, and pay
a license fee.
When you register, you will receive another copy of the NewSpace
product with a printed manual and the latest version of the
software. You will also then be notified when new releases of
the software become available, and you will be eligible for free,
unlimited, telephone support.
This shareware version of NewSpace is identical to the regular
version in all respects, except as follows:
* This shareware version supports the recovery of only one
deleted file (the last one deleted/overwritten), whereas the
regular version supports the recovery of up to 99 deleted or
overwritten files.
* This shareware version runs somewhat slower than the regular
version, when installed with the same options.
When you register and receive the regular version of NewSpace,
you don't have to uninstall the shareware version. By simply
installing the regular version, the shareware version will be
deleted from your system, while all your compressed files remain
compressed.
REGISTERING YOUR COPY OF NEWSPACE
In order to register with Isogon Corporation to receive a regular
copy of NewSpace, licensed for day-to-day use, together with a
printed manual, upgrade offers, and unlimited, free telephone
support, please fill out the form on the next page and mail
together with your payment (check, MasterCard, or Visa) for
$69.95 (NYS residents add appropriate sales tax, please), to
Isogon Corporation
330 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10001
(212) 967-2424
Or, you may call toll free (800) 662-6036 and register with the
license fee being charged to your MasterCard or Visa (this number
is for orders and registrations only).
We can only give support to registered users, but you can regis-
ter over the phone and immediately become eligible for support,
even if you haven't yet received your regular copy of NewSpace.
NewSpace User Manual Page iii ISOGON
CORPORATION
330 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10001
(212) 967-2424
INVOICE
__________________________________
Name
__________________________________
Address
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________
Telephone
----------------------------------------------------------------
Your Purchase Order Number ___________ Date ___________
----------------------------------------------------------------
One Copy of NewSpace $69.95
New York State Sales Tax ________
Total $________
[ ] Check enclosed (payable to Isogon Corporation)
[ ] Please charge my credit card [ ] MasterCard or [ ] Visa
_______________________________ _________________
Card number Expiration date
_______________________________
Signature
[ ] Check here if you would like a 3.5" diskette YOU DON'T HAVE TO READ THIS MANUAL
If you're like most users, you won't have to read this manual to
use NewSpace. Installation is automatic. Once you install
NewSpace and compress your files, the day-to-day use of your
computer is completely unchanged.
This manual gives you information about what to do in certain
special situations, status commands that give you information
about your files, and the like. You'll probably never have to
know about most of it. When you have time, browse through the
manual to get an idea of what's in it. Then put it on your
bookshelf as a reference.
To start using NewSpace, just follow these steps:
1. Make a copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette. (The
NewSpace distribution diskette isn't copy-protected.) Put
the copy in your A drive and enter the command
a:install
and answer the questions on your screen.
When the installation is complete, NewSpace will reboot
(that is, restart) your system.
2. NewSpace is now installed and active, and will compress all
newly created files that should be compressed. To compress
all existing files on your hard disk that should be com-
pressed, enter the command
newspace compress
NOTE: You must use the INSTALL program to install NewSpace! You
cannot just copy the files from the diskette to your hard disk.
After you install NewSpace, if you need any help using a NewSpace
command, you can ask for help. For example, to get help with the
NEWSPACE COMPRESS command, just enter the command
newspace compress /?
To get help with all the NEWSPACE commands, just enter the
command
newspace /?
NOTE: Even if you don't read the rest of the manual, you should
be aware that NewSpace has a valuable file recovery feature.
It's described in "Chapter 6: If You Erase a File and Then Want
to Get It Back Again" on page 13.
NewSpace User Manual Page v CONTENTS
Shareware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Registering Your Copy of NewSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
You Don't Have to Read This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Introduction: What NewSpace Will Do For You . . . . . . . . . 1
Part I: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1: What You Need to Use NewSpace . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 2: Installing the NewSpace Programs . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 3: Compressing Your Eligible Files . . . . . . . . 5
Part II: Day-to-Day Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 4: Using Your Programs and the DOS Commands . . . . 7
Chapter 5: Checking on the Status of Your Files or Your Disk 8
Chapter 6: If You Erase a File and Then Want to Get It Back
Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Part III: Special Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All Eligible Files in
Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Chapter 8: If You Need More Room for Uncompressed Files . . 17
Chapter 9: If You Don't Use Your Normal AUTOEXEC.BAT File to
Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chapter 10: Using Programs That Bypass DOS . . . . . . . . 19
Chapter 11: If You Format or Reformat Your Hard Disk . . . 20
Chapter 12: Removing NewSpace from Your System . . . . . . 21
Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Appendix A: Questions and Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Appendix B: What is Data Compression and How Does It Work? 24
Appendix C: NEWRES Command Line Parameters . . . . . . . . 26
Appendix D: Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NewSpace User Manual Page vi INTRODUCTION: WHAT NEWSPACE WILL DO FOR YOU
Congratulations on getting NewSpace! NewSpace is a product of
more than 20,000 person-hours of advanced software engineering.
NewSpace is designed to save you some of your most precious
resources: time, money, and disk space.
Saves Time, Money, and Disk Space
Almost by magic, NewSpace recodes the data in the files on your
hard disk so that it takes up much less space.
Because your data is compressed (typically to about half its
uncompressed size), you can keep more active data on your hard
disk. With NewSpace, you don't have to spend time archiving data
to diskette or tape to get more disk space, or invoking a special
program whenever you need to use one of your compressed files.
And you don't have to buy a new, larger hard disk.
NewSpace works on any hard disk. If you get a bigger disk or a
new computer system, you can run NewSpace on it.
NOTE: If your disk's capacity is larger than approximately 100K,
you may not be able to utilize all of it for compressed files.
You can, however, get a special "huge disk" version from Isogon
Corporation, for an additional license fee.
Works Automatically and Invisibly
Once it's installed, NewSpace works completely automatically. It
keeps track of which files should be compressed and which should-
n't. It compresses new files as they're created, and
uncompresses the data as your programs need it, all without you
doing anything.
NewSpace is completely invisible in your day-to-day operations.
As you use your computer, neither you nor your programs will be
aware that your files are compressed.
Lets You Recover Erased Files
As an added benefit, NewSpace lets you recover the last
compressed file that was erased. The procedure to recover an
erased file is simple and utterly foolproof. Unlike some
utilities that guess what pieces of data make up the erased file,
or make you figure it out, NewSpace performs the entire recovery
operation automatically.
NOTE: The regular version of NewSpace lets you recover any of the
last 99 erased (or overwritten) files.
NewSpace User Manual Page 1 PART I: GETTING STARTED
To install NewSpace, you perform two steps.
* First, you run a program that installs the NewSpace programs
on your hard disk and then reboots (restarts) your system,
so that NewSpace is active.
* Second, you run a program that compresses all the eligible
files on your hard disk.
NewSpace doesn't compress programs (that is, files with an exten-
sion of EXE or COM), system files (files with an extension of SYS
or with the file attribute S), hidden files (files with the file
attribute H), files with extensions used by certain products to
indicate device drivers, or the file AUTOEXEC.BAT. Files that
NewSpace doesn't compress are called exempt. Files that aren't
exempt are called eligible for compression.
NOTE: Running the compress program is a one-time operation.
After you've compressed all your existing eligible files,
NewSpace compresses all newly created eligible files
automatically.
We'll cover these steps in more detail in chapters that follow.
But before that, we'll discuss what you need on your computer
system to use NewSpace.
NewSpace User Manual Page 2 CHAPTER 1: WHAT YOU NEED TO USE NEWSPACE
To use NewSpace, you need a system with at least 256K total of
RAM memory, running PC-DOS or MS-DOS 2.0 or above and, of course,
a hard disk.
NOTE: NewSpace doesn't currently work in a multi-tasking
environment such as Windows or TopView. In a networking
environment such as IBM's PC Network, NewSpace doesn't currently
work on the file server or servers, but does work on network
workstations.
NewSpace User Manual Page 3 CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE NEWSPACE PROGRAMS
First, using DISKCOPY or any other copying program, make a backup
copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette. Then put the
NewSpace distribution diskette in a safe place and use the backup
copy to perform the installation.
Installation is completely automatic. Just put your backup copy
of the NewSpace diskette in your A drive and issue the INSTALL
command
a:install
and answer the questions on your screen.
Here's what the INSTALL program does:
* It puts a copy of the NewSpace programs on the hard disk of
your choice in a newly created subdirectory called
\NEWSPACE, or, if you prefer, another directory.
* In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, it creates or modifies the PATH
statement to include the directory the NewSpace programs are
in. (If you don't have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file, NewSpace
creates one for you.) If you have more than one PATH
statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, it modifies each one
appropriately.
NOTE: If you issue a PATH statement in any other batch (BAT)
file or directly at the DOS prompt, include the location of
the NewSpace programs. This way, you'll be able to issue
the NewSpace commands from any directory.
* It makes an entry in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file to start
NewSpace when you boot your computer.
* In your CONFIG.SYS file, it increases the FILES
specification as appropriate. (If you don't have a
CONFIG.SYS file, NewSpace creates one for you. If there's
no FILES statement in your CONFIG.SYS file, NewSpace puts
one in.)
* It gets your hard disk ready for your compressed files.
* It reboots (restarts) your system, so that NewSpace becomes
active.
Once the NewSpace software is installed, you should remove your
copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette from the diskette
drive and put it away. You won't need it anymore.
NOTE: You can install NewSpace on any one hard disk in your
system. If you have more than one hard disk on your system, you
can use NewSpace to compress the files on only one of them.
NewSpace User Manual Page 4 CHAPTER 3: COMPRESSING YOUR ELIGIBLE FILES
After you install NewSpace, you'll want to run the NewSpace
program that compresses all the eligible files on your hard disk.
NOTE: Running the compress program is a one-time operation.
After you've compressed all your existing eligible files,
NewSpace compresses all newly created eligible files
automatically.
To compress all the eligible files on the default (that is,
current) drive, issue the command
newspace compress
You'll get a message that looks like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
NEWSPACE COMPRESS is completely interruptible and restartable.
To stop NEWSPACE COMPRESS, press Ctrl-Break. You will return to
DOS. To start NEWSPACE COMPRESS again, reenter the NEWSPACE
COMPRESS command.
Press Enter to continue or Ctrl-Break to stop.
----------------------------------------------------------------
The program will then list your files as they're compressed.
COMPRESS is completely automatic. You don't have to do anything.
As the display indicates, you can interrupt the operation of the
COMPRESS command at any time. You do this by pressing Ctrl-
Break. NewSpace will finish with the file it's working on and
return you to DOS. You can then do other things, and run
COMPRESS again whenever you want. COMPRESS will resume
compressing any eligible uncompressed files it finds.
When COMPRESS finishes working, it produces a display of the
status of the entire disk, just as if you had issued the NewSpace
STATUS command. For a sample and an explanation of this display,
see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10.
Even if you don't run the COMPRESS command, NewSpace will
compress any new files that are eligible for compression as
they're created.
You can abbreviate "compress" by just typing "c". You can
compress the files on your hard disk by entering the command
newspace c
NewSpace User Manual Page 5 NOTES:
1. You can specify the drive explicitly. For example, if
you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you can issue the
command
newspace compress d:
2. To get help with COMPRESS, enter the command
newspace compress /?
3. Under very unusual circumstances, COMPRESS may tell you that
it can't compress all the eligible files on your hard disk
in place because your disk is too full.
If this happens, there's a simple way to compress your
files. See "Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All
Eligible Files in Place" on page 16.
NewSpace User Manual Page 6 PART II: DAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONS
CHAPTER 4: USING YOUR PROGRAMS AND THE DOS COMMANDS
After you install NewSpace, your day-to-day use of your computer
is unaffected. You do everything in the same way as always.
Programs run as they did before, accessing the files they need
exactly as they used to. The only difference is that your disk
will hold much more than it would without NewSpace.
Diskette operations are completely unaffected by NewSpace. A
compressed file backed up or copied to a diskette will be
uncompressed on the diskette. (If it's copied back to the hard
disk it will be recompressed.)
The DOS DIR command will continue to report the size of your
files in their uncompressed form, so that you can think about
your files as you always have. Where the DIR command reports the
number of bytes free on your hard disk, you'll see the number of
bytes remaining for uncompressed files, as reported by the DISK
command (see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10.) In
practice, you'll nearly always be able to fit much more data than
the DIR command indicates is free.
CHKDSK reports the amount of free space in the same way as the
DIR command.
If you RENAME an exempt file to a name that's eligible for
compression, the renamed file will remain uncompressed. (However,
the next time the file is rewritten, it will be compressed.) If
you RENAME a compressed file to a name that's exempt from
compression, the renamed file will be uncompressed.
All other DOS commands are unaffected.
NewSpace User Manual Page 7 CHAPTER 5: CHECKING ON THE STATUS OF YOUR FILES OR YOUR DISK
You probably won't really need this information, but if you're
curious to see how much space NewSpace is saving, you can find
out. You can find out if one or more files are compressed or
not, and if so by how much. You can find out if a compressed
file that you erased is available for recovery. And you can find
out a variety of information about the compression of an entire
disk.
STATUS OF YOUR FILES
NewSpace provides a command that tells you about the status of
one or more files. NewSpace will tell you whether each file is
compressed, uncompressed, erased but recoverable, or not found.
If the file is compressed, NewSpace will give you statistics on
its compressed size, its uncompressed size, and the compression
achieved.
Status of a Single File
Let's say you issue the following command for the file ABCD.TXT
in the current subdirectory of the default (current) drive, which
is C:\DOCS\MISC:
newspace status abcd.txt
NewSpace might respond with a display like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT
File Information Compression Information
ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p 521 bytes (70% compression)
----------------------------------------------------------------
or, if the file isn't compressed, with a display like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p Not eligible for compression
----------------------------------------------------------------
In both these cases, the directory information is exactly as it
would be reported by the DOS DIR command.
If you ask for the status of a file you've erased but which is
still available for recovery, NewSpace will tell you so:
----------------------------------------------------------------
ABCD TXT 1506 5-19-86 11:40a Erased but recoverable
----------------------------------------------------------------
If you want to recover this file, you use the RECOVER command.
See "Recovering an Erased File" on page 14.
NewSpace User Manual Page 8
If there's a normal, active file with the same name as an erased
but recoverable file, you'll see both listed (the recoverable
file second), like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p 521 bytes (70% compression)
- same - 1506 5-19-86 11:40a Erased but recoverable
----------------------------------------------------------------
Status of a Group of Files
To find out the status of a group of files, you can use the
generic characters '?' and '*' with STATUS, just as with the DOS
DIR command. For example, you might issue the command
newspace status *.*
and NewSpace might respond with a display like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
C:\DOCS\MISC\*.*
File Information Compression Information
ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p 521 bytes (70% compression)
ABCD DOC 3269 4-04-86 6:15p 1521 bytes (53% compression)
WORD EXE 21728 6-11-83 4:53p Not eligible for compression
EFGH TXT 4577 7-25-86 11:51a 2118 bytes (54% compression)
----------------------------------------------------------------
You can abbreviate "status" by just typing "s". For example, you
can issue a status command by typing
newspace s abcd.txt
NOTES:
1. The DOS DIR command reports the size of a file in bytes, but
an uncompressed file is stored in allocation units (2,048 or
more bytes per "chunk", depending on your hard disk). The
last allocation unit of an uncompressed file may contain
only one byte, or may be completely full. NewSpace uses
only the amount of space it actually needs, so you save an
average of one half an allocation unit per file. This extra
space saved isn't reported in the compression information
for the file, but it contributes to the space saved for the
entire disk as reported in "Status of an Entire Disk" on
page 10.
2. You can issue the STATUS command with a full path
specification, including drive, from any subdirectory. For
example, if you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you
NewSpace User Manual Page 9 can issue the command
newspace status d:\docs\misc\*.txt
3. To get help with STATUS, enter the command
newspace status /?
STATUS OF AN ENTIRE DISK
You can also get useful information about an entire disk. To get
the status of the default (current) disk drive, issue the DISK
command without specifying any file at all, like this:
newspace disk
NewSpace responds with a display like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
DRIVE C: (1)
Number of files on disk: 487 (2)
Number of compressed files on disk: 413 (3)
All your eligible files are compressed. (4)
Physical capacity of disk: 10,584,064 bytes (5)
Space all files would occupy if uncomp.: 15,312,896 bytes (6)
Space all files actually occupy: 8,560,013 bytes (7)
Space remaining on disk: 2,024,051 bytes (8)
Space remaining for uncompressed files: 1,021,301 bytes (9)
Space compr. files would occupy if uncomp.: 12,765,184 bytes(10)
Space compressed files actually occupy: 6,012,301 bytes(11)
Space saved by using NewSpace: 6,752,883 bytes(12)
Compression achieved on compressed files: 53 percent(13)
----------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: Because NewSpace has to look at all the directories on
the entire disk to develop this information, this display takes
a bit of time to produce.
Here's what each line of this display means:
(1) This shows what drive NewSpace is reporting on (the drive
where NewSpace is installed).
(2) This shows the total number of files you have on your hard
disk. This includes files of all types, including programs,
system files, hidden files, and read-only files.
(3) This shows how many files on your hard disk are compressed.
NewSpace User Manual Page 10 (4) This message indicates that all the files on your hard disk
that are eligible for compression are actually compressed.
If this isn't true, the message "Not all your eligible files
are compressed." appears.
If all your eligible files aren't compressed, you can run
the COMPRESS command to compress the files that aren't
compressed. See "Chapter 3: Compressing your Eligible
Files" on page 5.
(5) This shows the actual number of bytes your hard disk can
hold.
(6) This shows how much space all your files would occupy if you
didn't have NewSpace.
(7) This shows how much space all your files actually occupy.
(8) This represents NewSpace's conservative estimate of the
amount of additional data you can fit on your disk. In
practice, you'll almost always be able to fit much more data
on your disk than this figure indicates, and you'll always
be able to fit at least this much more.
(9) This shows how much space on your disk is available for
exempt (uncompressed) files, such as program and system
files.
NOTE: If you need more than this amount of space for exempt
files, see "Chapter 8: If You Need More Room for
Uncompressed Files" on page 17.
(10) This shows how much space your compressed files alone would
occupy if you didn't have NewSpace.
(11) This shows the actual amount of space NewSpace uses to store
your files in compressed form. (It doesn't include files
that you've erased but that are still eligible for
recovery.)
(12) This shows the amount of space you are saving using
NewSpace.
(13) This shows you how effective the compression of your
compressed files is. The larger the number, the better the
compression. 50 percent compression, for example, indicates
that the files take up half the space they do when
uncompressed. 75 percent compression indicates that the
compressed files are 75 percent smaller than they are in
uncompressed form, or in other words are one quarter their
uncompressed size.
You can abbreviate "disk" by just typing "d". You can get status
information about the entire default (current) disk drive by
entering the command
newspace d
NewSpace User Manual Page 11 NOTES:
1. You can specify the drive explicitly. For example, if
you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you can issue the
command
newspace disk d:
2. To get help with DISK, enter the command
newspace disk /?
NewSpace User Manual Page 12 CHAPTER 6: IF YOU ERASE A FILE AND THEN WANT TO GET IT BACK AGAIN
If there's room, NewSpace saves the last compressed file you
"erase," so that if you change your mind you can get it back.
This means that if you accidentally erase a file, you can get it
back. What's more, the procedure is completely automatic.
There's no guessing what data belonged in the file, or figuring
out what the file name should be.
When you update a file using most editors and other programs, the
existing version of the file is usually erased. The new version
is then written under the same name. NewSpace saves the erased
version. If you want to recover a file with the same name as one
that already exists, NewSpace gives the existing file a new name,
as explained below.
NOTE: NewSpace saves only one erased version of any file in a
particular subdirectory. If you update a file and then realize
you want to recover the previous version, don't erase the updated
version of that file before trying to recover the earlier
version.
You can see which erased files are eligible for recovery, and you
can issue a command to recover an erased file.
NOTE: The regular version of NewSpace lets you recover any of the
last five erased (or overwritten) files (or, any of the up to 99
last erased files if you specify a special startup option).
SEEING WHICH FILES ARE RECOVERABLE
To get a list of which erased files are available for recovery on
the default (current) drive, you issue the command
newspace recover
NewSpace responds with a display like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
Directory: C:\DOCS\MISC
ABCD TXT 1718 6-09-86 12:05p Erased but recoverable
----------------------------------------------------------------
You can abbreviate "recover" by just typing "r". You can find
out which erased files are available for recovery by entering the
command
newspace r
NewSpace User Manual Page 13 NOTES:
1. You can specify the drive explicitly. For example, if
you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, to get a list of
which erased files are available for recovery, issue the
command
newspace recover d:
2. To get help with RECOVER, enter the command
newspace recover /?
3. To find out if there's an erased version of one or more
particular files available for recovery in a given
subdirectory, you can use the STATUS command. For
information about the STATUS command, see "Status of Your
Files" on page 8.
RECOVERING AN ERASED FILE
To recover a file that has been erased from the current
subdirectory of the default (current) drive, you issue the
RECOVER command with a file specification, like this:
newspace recover abcd.txt
NewSpace responds by recovering the file and displaying a
message, like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT
File recovered
----------------------------------------------------------------
Now, if you issue a STATUS command,
newspace status abcd.txt
you'll get the normal display for a compressed file, like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
ABCD TXT 1718 06-09-86 12:05p 521 bytes (70% compression)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Let's say you issue the command
newspace recover abcd.txt
to recover the erased file with the name ABCD.TXT and a normal
file (either compressed or uncompressed) of the name ABCD.TXT
NewSpace User Manual Page 14 already exists in the same directory on the default (current)
drive. In this case, NewSpace does two things:
1. It changes the extension of the file that already exists to
")))". If the file doesn't have an extension, it's given an
extension of ")))".
2. It recovers the erased file (with its original name).
In this case, you'll get a display like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT
File already exists
Current version of file renamed ABCD.)))
File recovered
----------------------------------------------------------------
The erased version of the file, which you just recovered, is now
named ABCD.TXT.
The version of the file that was named ABCD.TXT just before you
issued the RECOVER command is now named ABCD.))). You can now
rename or erase the file ABCD.))). For example,
rename abcd.))) newabcd.txt
You can abbreviate "recover" by just typing "r". For example,
you can recover the file ABCD.TXT by entering the command
newspace r abcd.txt
NOTES:
1. The RECOVER command accepts a full path specification,
including drive. For example, if you've installed NewSpace
on the D drive, you can issue the command
newspace recover d:\docs\misc\abcd.txt
2. You can't recover an erased file if the subdirectory it was
in no longer exists.
3. To get help with RECOVER, enter the command
newspace recover /?
4. RECOVER works only with compressed files. If the file you
erased was uncompressed, you can try using a file recovery
utility that works with ordinary uncompressed files.
NewSpace User Manual Page 15 PART III: SPECIAL TOPICS
CHAPTER 7: IF COMPRESS CAN'T COMPRESS ALL ELIGIBLE FILES IN PLACE
As mentioned in "Chapter 3: Compressing your Eligible Files" on
page 5, the COMPRESS command tries to compress all the eligible
files on your hard disk. In rare cases, it can't complete the
job.
This is because COMPRESS writes out the compressed version of the
file before deleting the uncompressed version, and your disk may
be too full to hold the compressed version as well as the
uncompressed version.
In this case, it issues a message like this:
----------------------------------------------------------------
Unable to compress all eligible files in place.
Do the following:
1. Back up the file specified below.
2. Erase the file specified below.
3. Rerun COMPRESS.
4. Restore the file specified below.
C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT
----------------------------------------------------------------
Here's what to do if you get this message:
1. Back up the file specified. (It's the largest eligible file
on your disk that COMPRESS was unable to compress.)
2. Erase the file specified from your hard disk.
3. Rerun the COMPRESS command. COMPRESS will now run to
completion successfully.
4. Restore the file you backed up. It will be compressed as
it's restored to the disk.
NOTE: COMPRESS always compresses as many files as it can before
it issues the message shown above.
NewSpace User Manual Page 16 CHAPTER 8: IF YOU NEED MORE ROOM FOR UNCOMPRESSED FILES
The DISK command (see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10)
shows how much space is remaining on your disk, and how much
space is available for uncompressed files. The space NewSpace
uses for compressed files isn't usable for exempt (uncompressed)
files. For this reason, you may not be able to put some exempt
files on your disk, even though you have enough total free space
available. (This occurs very rarely.)
If you want to make all the space remaining on your disk
available for uncompressed files, here's what to do:
1. Remove NewSpace from your system. Follow the directions in
"Chapter 12: Removing NewSpace from Your System" on page
21. Be sure to back up all your compressed files.
2. Reinstall NewSpace. Follow the directions in "Chapter 2:
Installing the NewSpace Programs" on page 4.
3. Restore from your backup all your compressed files.
NOTE: Although the space used for compressed files isn't usable
for uncompressed files, the reverse isn't true. The space
available for uncompressed files is also usable for compressed
files.
NewSpace User Manual Page 17 CHAPTER 9: IF YOU DON'T USE YOUR NORMAL AUTOEXEC.BAT FILE TO BOOT
Once NewSpace is installed, if you want to access your compressed
files, you must make sure that NewSpace is started.
Normally, you'll boot your system from your hard disk. The
AUTOEXEC.BAT file that NewSpace created or modified when you
installed it will cause NewSpace to start.
However, if you boot your system without issuing the statement
that starts NewSpace, you won't be able to read or write to your
compressed files. A DIR command will give you unfamiliar
results. This may happen if you use an alternate AUTOEXEC.BAT
file on a DOS diskette or on a program diskette that you use to
boot the system. Or, you may sometimes boot from a DOS diskette
without an AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
Any AUTOEXEC.BAT file you use should contain the statement that
starts up NewSpace. This is the statement in your normal
AUTOEXEC.BAT file that consists of "NEWRES", or that begins
"NEWRES", such as in these examples:
NEWRES
NEWRES /P=32
NEWRES /D=D
NEWRES /D=D /P=32
Copy the NEWRES statement exactly as it appears in the
AUTOEXEC.BAT that was created or modified by the NewSpace INSTALL
program into the beginning of any AUTOEXEC.BAT file you use. Put
the NEWRES statement right after the first PATH statement (if
any). Also, if NEWRES.EXE isn't in the root directory of the
default drive, make sure that the PATH statement lets DOS find
the NEWRES program.
If you boot from a DOS diskette without an AUTOEXEC.BAT file, you
must issue exactly the same NEWRES statement at the DOS prompt
before you try to use any compressed file. Just type in the
NEWRES statement you find in your normal AUTOEXEC.BAT file and
press Enter. Again, if NEWRES.EXE isn't in the root directory of
the default drive, make sure that the PATH statement lets DOS
find the NEWRES program.
All the optional command line parameters are described in
"Appendix C: NEWRES Command Line Parameters" on page 26.
NewSpace User Manual Page 18 CHAPTER 10: USING PROGRAMS THAT BYPASS DOS
Some utility programs bypass the normal ways the operating system
(DOS) uses to access your data, and so bypass NewSpace. If you
use these programs to look at your hard disk, you won't be able
to read your compressed files.
Some of these programs also let you modify the data on your hard
disk. Don't use any such program to modify the data in a
compressed file, the directory entries pertaining to a compressed
file, or any files you don't recognize.
Please read the file READ.ME on the NewSpace diskette for some
additional information about a few special programs, and their
use with NewSpace.
NewSpace User Manual Page 19 CHAPTER 11: IF YOU FORMAT OR REFORMAT YOUR HARD DISK
If you back up your hard disk and then format it, you must
reinstall NewSpace (as described in "Chapter 2: Installing the
NewSpace Programs" on page 4) before you restore your files.
After you've installed NewSpace, your eligible files will be
compressed as they're restored.
This is also true if you're moving to a new hard disk by
restoring the files that you backed up from another hard disk on
which NewSpace was installed.
NewSpace User Manual Page 20 CHAPTER 12: REMOVING NEWSPACE FROM YOUR SYSTEM
If you want to remove NewSpace from your system for any reason
(such as to move it to a new hard disk), you can do so.
Here's what you do to remove NewSpace:
1. Back up your entire hard disk, or at least those files that
are compressed. The uninstall program doesn't uncompress
your compressed files. It does erase your compressed files
from the hard disk. When you back up the files that were
compressed, they're written to your backup diskette or tape
in uncompressed form.
2. Issue the UNINSTALL command
UNINSTALL
The uninstall program does the following things:
* It deletes the compressed versions of the files from
your hard disk.
* It removes the NewSpace programs themselves from your
hard disk. If the NewSpace programs are the only files
in the subdirectory, it also removes the subdirectory.
* It removes the NewSpace invocation from your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
* If it has removed the directory containing the NewSpace
programs from your system, it also removes that
directory from the PATH statements in your AUTOEXEC.BAT
file. If that's the only directory in a PATH
statement, it also removes the PATH statement.
* It frees the part of your hard disk used for compressed
files.
The uninstall program then reboots (restarts) the system.
When the system completes the restart, NewSpace has been removed
from your system.
You can now copy or restore the files that had been compressed
back onto your hard disk. Of course, without NewSpace, you may
not be able to fit all the files on your hard disk that you did
before. And, of course, if you restore all your files including
your AUTOEXEC.BAT file and the NewSpace program files, you should
run UNINSTALL again to remove NewSpace completely.
NOTE: The uninstall program doesn't change your CONFIG.SYS file.
NewSpace User Manual Page 21 APPENDIXES
APPENDIX A: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Here are some of the more common questions that are asked about
NewSpace, and the answers.
Question: Why does the degree of compression vary from file to
file?
Answer: The degree of compression you can achieve using
NewSpace depends on the data in your files. The degree
of compression achievable depends on how compactly the
information in a file is represented. Some kinds of
files, such as binary data files, can hardly be
compressed at all. Other kinds of files, such as
spreadsheet files, can be compressed to as little as
one-tenth of their normal size.
Question: Why doesn't NewSpace compress programs?
Answer: Some copy-protected programs wouldn't work if they were
compressed.
Question: If NewSpace doesn't get very good compression on a
particular file, is there any way to exempt it from
compression?
Answer: No, and there's no reason to. Even though you may not
achieve very good compression on a particular file, it
does no harm to let it be compressed. Also, an
uncompressed file is always stored in allocation units
(2,048 or 4,096 byte chunks, depending on the size of
your disk). When NewSpace compresses a file, it uses
only the amount of space it actually needs. So, on
average, you'll save one half an allocation unit (that
is, 1,024 or 2,048 bytes) on every file, even if you
get 0% compression on the file. That extra savings
isn't reported in the compression information for the
file, but it does contribute to the amount of free
space reported for the entire disk (see "Status of an
Entire Disk" on page 10).
However, if for some reason you want to do so, you can
exclude a whole group of files from compression, by
specifying the extension of the files as an exempt
extension, as described in Appendix C on page 26.
Question: I don't want to type "newspace" each time I use a
NewSpace command. What can I do?
Answer: You can rename the NewSpace program to a shorter name.
In the subdirectory in which you've installed the
NewSpace commands, use the DOS RENAME command to rename
NewSpace User Manual Page 22 the file NEWSPACE.EXE to a shorter name (with the same
extension). For example, you can issue the command
rename newspace.exe new.exe
Thereafter, you can type "new" instead of "newspace".
NOTE: If you run the UNINSTALL program, be sure to
rename NEW.EXE back to NEWSPACE.EXE first.
Also, remember that the command names (COMPRESS,
STATUS, and RECOVER) can be abbreviated.
Question: Does the hard disk I choose to compress have to be the
one that I boot from?
Answer: No. NewSpace lets you install it on any hard disk you
choose. It creates or modifies the AUTOEXEC.BAT file
on the hard disk your system boots from, which may be a
different hard disk.
Question: Does the hard disk I choose to compress have to be the
one on which the NewSpace programs are installed?
Answer: Yes. However, after installation, you can move the
NewSpace programs onto another disk. If you do, be
sure to change each PATH statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT
file to include the new location of the NewSpace
programs.
NOTE: If you issue a PATH statement in any other BAT
file or directly at the DOS prompt, include the
location of the NewSpace programs. This way, you'll be
able to issue the NewSpace commands from any directory.
NewSpace User Manual Page 23 APPENDIX B: WHAT IS DATA COMPRESSION AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
Data compression has been used for a long time. One very
powerful data compression technique is variable-length encoding.
The idea behind variable-length encoding is as old as Morse code:
giving shorter codes to more frequent characters, and longer
codes to less frequent characters, thus saving resources. In the
case of telegraphers, the resource saved is time. In the case of
NewSpace, the resource saved is space.
CHARACTER CODE CHARACTER CODE
--------- ---- --------- ----
A .- N -.
B -... O ---
C -.-. P .--.
D -.. Q --.-
E . R .-.
F ..-. S ...
G --. T -
H .... U ..-
I .. V ...-
J .--- W .--
K -.- X -..-
L .-.. Y -.--
M -- Z --..
Morse Code. Note that E and T are the most frequent
characters in English, and have been given the shortest
codes.
As you probably know, all data is stored in a computer as bits:
0's or 1's. In the normal fixed-length system of storing data on
the PC, every character and symbol is stored as eight bits of
data. For example, the capital letter A is stored as the binary
sequence 01000001. Obviously, since every character is eight
bits long, the average number of bits a character uses will also
be eight bits.
Now suppose we knew that some characters were more frequent than
others. Let's say that out of every 10,000 characters, 5,000 of
them were blanks. (For simplicity, let's say that all other
characters occurred the same number of times.) In the usual
fixed-length system, blanks are stored as the bit sequence
00100000. But let's use a variable-length system instead. For
blanks, we'll use a bit sequence consisting of the single bit 0.
For all other characters, we'll use a nine-bit sequence
consisting of a 1 followed by its normal eight-bit code. For
example, we'll use 101000001 for A. Now, what would the average
number of bits be?
NewSpace User Manual Page 24 Quantity X
Character Quantity Code Length Code Length
--------- -------- ----------- -----------
Blank 5,000 1 bit 5,000 bits
All others 5,000 9 bits 45,000 bits
---------- -------- ----------- -----------
TOTAL 10,000 50,000 bits
AVERAGE = 50,000 bits / 10,000 characters
= 5 bits per character
This is quite an improvement. For the 10,000-character file, the
space required would go from 80,000 bits (or 10,000 bytes) to
50,000 bits (or 6,250 bytes), a compression of 37.5 percent.
This is obviously a contrived example. NewSpace uses a more
sophisticated variable-length encoding based on the Huffman
encoding technique. In the Huffman technique, each character is
assigned a variable-length bit code whose length is inversely
proportionate to its actual occurrence in files. As a result,
the average bit length is less than it would be with a
fixed-length code, and the total amount of space is thereby
reduced.
In addition to this basic technique, NewSpace incorporates a
number of other more advanced and sophisticated techniques to
achieve the high compression rates you see as you actually use
the product.
NewSpace User Manual Page 25 APPENDIX C: NEWRES COMMAND LINE PARAMETERS
NewSpace is activated on your system by entering the command
NEWRES, optionally followed by one or more parameters (in
general, the NEWRES command is automatically issued as part of
your AUTOEXEC.BAT file's execution when you start your computer).
The following optional command line parameters may be specified:
* /D=x
This parameter specifies the name of the hard disk on which
NewSpace is installed. For example, a specification like
NEWRES /D=E
will start NewSpace and will compress the files on your E
disk.
NOTE: This parameter is automatically supplied by the
NewSpace installation program, and should not be changed.
If you want to change the disk that NewSpace is compressing
files on, you must uninstall NewSpace and reinstall it on
the new disk.
* /P=nn
This parameter specifies the size of the work area that
NewSpace will use for its processing. You may specify any
value between 0 and 99. In general, the higher a value, the
faster NewSpace will work. For example, a specification
like
NEWRES /P=20
will start NewSpace and will allow NewSpace to use an extra
20K of memory for its work area.
NOTE: This parameter is automatically supplied by the
NewSpace installation program, and can be changed either by
reinstalling NewSpace (you don't have to uninstall it
first), or by simply changing the specification in your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
In addition, you may also specify a list of file extensions that
should be ineligible for compression (i.e., that should not be
compressed). Initially, NewSpace will not compress any files
with the extensions SYS, EXE, or COM, nor will it compress the
file AUTOEXEC.BAT. If you want, you can add file extensions to
this list by entering them on the NEWRES command line, as shown
in the following example:
NEWRES OVL BIN
NewSpace User Manual Page 26 This example will tell NewSpace to not compress any file whose
extension is OVL or BIN, in addition to the initial list of
extensions given above.
If you have compressed files with one of these extensions, don't
worry--NewSpace will recognize this and will still process the
existing compressed files correctly.
NewSpace User Manual Page 27 APPENDIX D: MESSAGES
The following is a list of messages NewSpace may issue. The
messages are listed in alphabetical order. Messages beginning
with special characters (such as "*" and "?") are listed first.
Each message is followed by an explanation.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: * not allowed in file specification with NEWSPACE
RECOVER command.
Function: RECOVER
Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command using the generic
character * in the file specification. You cannot
use generic characters with RECOVER.
What to do: Reenter the command, specifying a single file.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: ? not allowed in file specification with RECOVER
command.
Function: RECOVER
Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command using the generic
character ? in the file specification. You cannot
use generic characters with RECOVER.
What to do: Reenter the command, specifying a single file.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Answer by typing "Y" for YES, "N" for NO. Then
press Enter.
Function: INSTALL or UNINSTALL
Meaning: You were requested to answer a yes-or-no question
and entered an invalid response.
What to do: Type "Y" or "N," as appropriate, and then press
Enter.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Current version of file renamed xxxxxxxx.))).
Function: RECOVER
Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command, specifying the
name of a file that already exists in active form.
This message is preceded by the message "File
already exists", and followed by the message "File
NewSpace User Manual Page 28 recovered". The current version of the file is
given the name xxxxxxxx.))), and the erased
version of the file is recovered under its
original name.
What to do: Rename the existing file or the recovered file as
you wish.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: File already exists.
Function: RECOVER
Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command, specifying the
name of a file that already exists in active form.
The file is recovered, but is given another name.
This message is followed by the message "Current
version of file renamed xxxxxxxx.))).", which
gives the name to which the current version of the
file is renamed, and the message "File recovered".
What to do: Rename the existing file and the recovered file as
you wish.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: File not found and cannot be recovered.
Function: RECOVER
Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command specifying a file
that cannot be recovered. This may be because:
* You specified the file incorrectly.
* You erased this file, and it was not a
compressed file, so NewSpace didn't keep a
copy of it.
* The file you specified was erased but was not
among the last five compressed files you
erased.
* In order to make room for active compressed
files, NewSpace had to purge this file.
What to do: Make sure that the file was a compressed file and
that you specified it correctly.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: File not found.
Function: STATUS
Meaning: You issued the STATUS command specifying a file
that could not be found. This could be because:
NewSpace User Manual Page 29
* You specified the file name incorrectly.
* You erased this file, and it was not a
compressed file, so NewSpace didn't keep a
copy of it.
* The file you specified was erased, but was
not among the last five compressed files you
erased.
* In order to make room for active compressed
files, NewSpace had to delete this file.
What to do: Make sure that you specified the file name
correctly.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: File recovered.
Function: RECOVER
Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command to recover a file,
and it was successfully recovered. The file is
now a normal, active file.
What to do: Nothing.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Invalid NEWRES parameter: xxxxxxxxx
Function: NEWRES
Meaning: You entered the NEWRES command (which starts
NewSpace) specifying a parameter (indicated here
by xxxxxxxxx) that NewSpace didn't recognize.
What to do: If this message occurred during your system start-
up, the NEWRES statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file
may be invalid. Run the INSTALL program again.
If you entered the NEWRES statement in another BAT
file or manually, enter it again. You must enter
the NEWRES command exactly as it was created by
the INSTALL program in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Invalid or missing function. For help, enter:
newspace /?
Function: NEWSPACE
Meaning: You typed NEWSPACE followed by something other
than STATUS, RECOVER, COMPRESS, or /?.
NewSpace User Manual Page 30
What to do: Reenter the NEWSPACE command specifying a valid
function, or enter
newspace /?
to get help.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Invalid parameter. For help, enter:
newspace <function> /?
Function: NEWSPACE
Meaning: You typed NEWSPACE specifying STATUS, RECOVER, or
COMPRESS (indicated here by <function>), followed
by a parameter NewSpace didn't recognize.
What to do: Reenter the NEWSPACE command properly, or enter
newspace <function> /?
to get help.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: NewSpace commands will not be available from any
subdirectory.
Function: INSTALL
Meaning: A PATH statement can't be longer than 128
characters. In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, the last
PATH statement would have been over 128 characters
if the path to the directory containing NewSpace
programs were included. You'll only be able to
enter NewSpace commands when the current directory
contains the NewSpace programs.
What to do: If you want to be able to enter NewSpace commands
from any subdirectory, you can do one of several
things:
* Move the NewSpace programs into a directory
in your PATH statement.
* Shorten your PATH statement. You can do this
by reorganizing your subdirectory structure.
Then add the directory containing the
NewSpace commands to the last PATH statement
in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
* If you're using DOS 3.0 or higher, you can
enter the NewSpace commands with the path
specification explicitly. For example, if
you've installed NewSpace in the subdirectory
NewSpace User Manual Page 31 \NEWSPACE, you can enter a STATUS command
like this:
c:\newspace\newspace status
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: NewSpace COMPRESS interrupted.
Function: COMPRESS
Meaning: You pressed Ctrl-Break while COMPRESS was
operating.
What to do: When you're ready to continue compressing your
eligible files, reenter the NewSpace COMPRESS
command.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: NewSpace has already been started.
Function: NEWRES
Meaning: The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES) was
invoked more than once. The second invocation is
ignored.
What to do: If the statement beginning "NEWRES" occurs more
than once in your AUTOEXEC.BAT, take all but one
out.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: NewSpace has been partially uninstalled. Either
reinstall or run UNINSTALL to remove it
completely.
Function: NEWRES
Meaning: The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES) didn't
find the normal NewSpace environment. This may be
because you restored the NewSpace program files
after either uninstalling NewSpace or formatting
your hard disk.
What to do: If you want NewSpace on your hard disk, run
INSTALL again from the NewSpace distribution
diskette. If you don't want NewSpace, run
UNINSTALL.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: NewSpace has not been installed on this drive.
Function: COMPRESS, RECOVER, or STATUS
Meaning: This message occurs for one of two reasons:
NewSpace User Manual Page 32
* You issued a NewSpace command specifying a
drive on which NewSpace isn't installed.
* You issued the NewSpace command without
specifying a drive, and the default drive
isn't the drive on which NewSpace is
installed.
What to do: Check that NewSpace has been installed properly.
If not, install NewSpace. If so, issue the
command again, specifying the drive containing
your compressed files.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: NewSpace has not been started.
Function: COMPRESS, RECOVER, or STATUS
Meaning: The resident portion of NewSpace, NEWRES, has not
been started.
What to do: Check that NewSpace has been installed properly.
If not, install NewSpace. Or, issue the command
NEWRES (with whatever parameters are appropriate)
from the DOS prompt, or add the command to your
AUTOEXEC.BAT and reboot.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: NewSpace installation canceled.
Function: INSTALL
Meaning: You indicated to the INSTALL program that you
didn't want to proceed with installing NewSpace.
What to do: If you do want to install NewSpace, reenter the
INSTALL command.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: NewSpace uninstallation canceled.
Function: UNINSTALL
Meaning: You indicated to the UNINSTALL program that you
didn't want to proceed with uninstalling NewSpace.
What to do: Nothing.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: No erased version available for recovery. (A
normal version exists.)
Function: RECOVER
NewSpace User Manual Page 33
Meaning: You issued the RECOVER command specifying a file
you had not erased.
What to do: Check your spelling. If appropriate, enter the
command again with the correct file name.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: No recoverable files have been found.
Function: RECOVER
Meaning: You issued the NEWSPACE RECOVER command (without
specifying any file) to find out which files were
recoverable, and NewSpace didn't find any
recoverable files.
You could get this message for any of several
reasons:
* You haven't erased any compressed files since
you installed NewSpace.
* You've already recovered all the erased
files.
* NewSpace had to purge the recoverable files
to make room for a file being created.
What to do: Make sure that you actually erased a file. If the
file you erased wasn't compressed, try using a
utility that recovers normal, uncompressed files.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Not enough disk space to install NewSpace.
Function: INSTALL
Meaning: You don't have enough room on your hard disk for
NewSpace to put its programs. NewSpace requires
about 225K bytes of space on your disk (although
it requires much less than that, once it has been
installed).
What to do: Free about 225K bytes on your disk (by backing up
and then erasing some files) and rerun INSTALL.
After you run NEWSPACE COMPRESS, restore the files
you erased.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Not enough memory to run COMPRESS. Program
terminated.
Function: COMPRESS
NewSpace User Manual Page 34 Meaning: You don't have enough room in RAM memory for
NewSpace to run its COMPRESS program. NewSpace
COMPRESS requires about 128K bytes of memory. You
are probably trying to run COMPRESS with several
other memory-resident programs active.
What to do: Unload all memory resident programs other than
NewSpace, or restart your system invoking only
NewSpace. Then run COMPRESS again. After
COMPRESS completes its processing, you can try
adding other memory resident programs again.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: One or more files with the same name as a NewSpace
program already exist in directory <path>.
Do you want to erase it or them?
Function: INSTALL
Meaning: In the directory indicated (indicated here by
<path>), files already exist with the same name as
one or more of the NewSpace programs. If they
aren't erased, they may be invoked instead of the
NewSpace programs being installed.
What to do: If you want the existing files to be erased, type
Y and press Enter. If you don't, type N and press
Enter. In either case, the installation will
proceed.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: One or more PATH statements too long to include
path to NewSpace programs.
Function: INSTALL
Meaning: A PATH statement can't be longer than 128
characters. In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, one or
more PATH statements would have been over 128
characters if the path to the directory containing
NewSpace programs were included. For those PATH
statements, the directory was not added. If this
occurred in the last PATH statement in the file,
this message is followed by the message "NewSpace
commands will not be available from any
subdirectory."
What to do: Nothing.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Path not found.
Function: RECOVER or STATUS
NewSpace User Manual Page 35 Meaning: You specified a file including an invalid path
specification.
What to do: Reenter the command, correcting the path
specification.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Specify a number between 0 and 99.
Function: INSTALL
Meaning: You didn't properly specify how much memory
NewSpace should use for its work as a number
between 0 and 99.
What to do: Type a number between 0 and 99. Then press Enter.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: System statistics being gathered, please wait.
Function: COMPRESS
Meaning: The COMPRESS program has finished processing.
Information is being gathered to display.
What to do: Nothing.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: The file xxxxxxxx.))) already exists. Rename it.
(Don't erase it.)
Function: RECOVER
Meaning: You issued a RECOVER command for a file with the
name xxxxxxxx (possibly followed by an extension).
There is already a current, active version of the
same file, as well as a file with the name
xxxxxxxx.))). When an active version exists of a
file to be recovered, RECOVER renames the current
version with the same file name and an extension
of ))). Since a file of this name already exists,
it is unable to do so.
What to do: If you want to recover the file, you must rename
the file specified.
NOTE: Don't erase the file specified, since that
may make the erased file unrecoverable.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: This is not a hard disk drive.
Function: INSTALL or UNINSTALL
NewSpace User Manual Page 36 Meaning: You entered a character that doesn't represent a
hard disk drive on your system.
What to do: Type the letter indicating the disk you want to
install NewSpace on, and then press Enter.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: This is not a valid drive on your system.
Function: INSTALL or UNINSTALL
Meaning: You entered a character that doesn't represent a
drive on your system.
What to do: Type the letter indicating the disk you want to
install NewSpace on, and then press Enter.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: This is not a valid path on your system.
Function: INSTALL or UNINSTALL
Meaning: You entered an invalid path specification to
indicate the subdirectory in which NewSpace is to
be installed, or from which NewSpace is to be
removed. This could be because:
* You used invalid characters in the path
specification
* You used too long a subdirectory name
* You specified a subdirectory whose parent
doesn't already exist.
What to do: Specify one of the following:
* The root directory (\)
* An existing subdirectory
* A valid subdirectory of the root directory
* A valid subdirectory of an existing
subdirectory
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Unable to compress all eligible files in place.
Function: COMPRESS
Meaning: The NEWSPACE COMPRESS command could not find room
to compress the smallest eligible file on your
hard disk.
NewSpace User Manual Page 37 What to do: See "Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All
Eligible Files in Place" on page 16.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Unable to find program xxxxxxxx.xxx where
specified.
Function: UNINSTALL
Meaning: The uninstallation program was unable to find the
NewSpace program xxxxxxxx.xxx where you said it
would be.
What to do: After the uninstallation program ends, find and
erase the NewSpace program or programs listed.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Uninstallation proceeding.
Function: UNINSTALL
Meaning: The NewSpace uninstallation program was unable to
find one or more NewSpace program files, but is
continuing to uninstall NewSpace. This message
follows the message "Unable to find program
xxxxxxxx.xxx where specified."
What to do: Nothing.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Message: Versions of NEWSPACE.EXE and NEWRES.EXE are
incompatible.
Function: COMPRESS, DISK, STATUS, or RECOVER
Meaning: The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES.EXE) and
the program that handles the NewSpace commands
(NEWSPACE.EXE) don't come from the same release of
NewSpace.
What to do: Decide which release of NewSpace you mean to be
using. Then run INSTALL again from the NewSpace
distribution diskette for that release.
---------------------------------------------------------------
NewSpace User Manual Page 38
----------------END-OF-AUTHOR'S-DOCUMENTATION---------------
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